{"id":30,"date":"2025-12-23T12:14:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T12:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astroneme.com\/?p=30"},"modified":"2025-12-23T12:14:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T12:14:33","slug":"how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-step-by-step-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astroneme.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-step-by-step-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Set Up an NFS Mount on Ubuntu (Step-by-Step Guide)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#introduction\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NFS (Network File System) is a distributed file system protocol that allows you to mount remote directories on your server. This lets you manage storage space in a different location and write to that space from multiple clients. NFS provides a relatively standard and performant way to access remote systems over a network and works well in situations where the shared resources must be accessed regularly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this guide, we\u2019ll go over how to install the NFS server and client software on Ubuntu, configure NFS exports, set up NFS mount points, and create persistent NFS mounts using fstab entries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For ideal performance, it is recommended to use&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/blog\/introducing-premium-memory-optimized-and-storage-optimized-droplets\">Premium Dedicated Droplets (PDDs)<\/a>&nbsp;with 10 Gbit networking for both the NFS server and client(s)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using 10gbit networking will allow the NFS performance to come close to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.digitalocean.com\/products\/volumes\/details\/limits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">published volume limits<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Without a 10gbit droplet, performance will cap out at 2gbps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prerequisites\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#prerequisites\">Prerequisites<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#prerequisites\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We will use two servers in this tutorial, with one sharing part of its filesystem with the other. To follow along, you will need:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Two Ubuntu servers. Each of these should have a non-<strong>root<\/strong>\u00a0user with\u00a0<code>sudo<\/code>\u00a0privileges, a firewall set up with UFW, and private networking if it\u2019s available to you.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For assistance setting up a non-<strong>root<\/strong>\u00a0user with\u00a0<code>sudo<\/code>\u00a0privileges and a firewall, follow our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/initial-server-setup-with-ubuntu-20-04\">Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu<\/a>\u00a0guide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you\u2019re using\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/products\/droplets\">DigitalOcean Droplets<\/a>\u00a0for your server and client, you can read more about setting up a private network in our documentation on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/docs\/networking\/vpc\/how-to\/create\">How to Create a VPC<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Throughout this tutorial, we refer to the server that shares its directories as the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;and the server that mounts these directories as the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>. You will need to know the IP address for both. Be sure to use the&nbsp;<em>private<\/em>&nbsp;network address, if available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Throughout this tutorial, we will refer to these IP addresses by the placeholders&nbsp;<code>host_ip<\/code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>client_ip<\/code>. Please substitute as needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-1-downloading-and-installing-the-components\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-1-downloading-and-installing-the-components\">Step 1 \u2014 Downloading and Installing the Components<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-1-downloading-and-installing-the-components\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ll begin by installing the necessary NFS components on each server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"on-the-host\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#on-the-host\">On the Host<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#on-the-host\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;server, install the&nbsp;<code>nfs-kernel-server<\/code>&nbsp;package, which will allow you to share your directories. Since this is the first operation that you\u2019re performing with&nbsp;<code>apt<\/code>&nbsp;in this session, refresh your local package index before the installation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update\nsudo apt install nfs-kernel-server\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once these packages are installed, switch to the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"on-the-client\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#on-the-client\">On the Client<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#on-the-client\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;server, we need to install the&nbsp;<code>nfs-common<\/code>&nbsp;package (also known as nfs-utils), which provides NFS client functionality without including any server components. Again, refresh the local package index prior to installation to ensure that you have up-to-date information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update\nsudo apt install nfs-common\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that both servers have the necessary packages, we can start configuring them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-2-creating-the-share-directories-on-the-host\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-2-creating-the-share-directories-on-the-host\">Step 2 \u2014 Creating the Share Directories on the Host<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-2-creating-the-share-directories-on-the-host\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019re going to share two separate directories, with different configuration settings, in order to illustrate two key ways that NFS mounts can be configured with respect to superuser access.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Superusers can do anything anywhere on their system. However, NFS-mounted directories are not part of the system on which they are mounted, so by default, the NFS server refuses to perform operations that require superuser privileges. This default restriction means that superusers on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;cannot write files as&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>, reassign ownership, or perform any other superuser tasks on the NFS mount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes, however, there are trusted users on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;system who need to perform these actions on the mounted file system but who have no need for superuser access on the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>. You can configure the NFS server to allow this, although it introduces an element of risk, as such a user&nbsp;<em>could<\/em>&nbsp;gain root access to the entire&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-1-exporting-a-general-purpose-mount\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-1-exporting-a-general-purpose-mount\">Example 1: Exporting a General Purpose Mount<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-1-exporting-a-general-purpose-mount\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the first example, we\u2019ll create a general-purpose NFS mount that uses default NFS behaviour to make it difficult for a user with root privileges on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;machine to interact with the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;using those&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;superuser privileges. You might use something like this to store files that were uploaded using a content management system or to create space for users to easily share project files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, make the share directory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mkdir \/var\/nfs\/general -p\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since we\u2019re creating it with&nbsp;<code>sudo<\/code>, the directory is owned by the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>\u2019s&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;user:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -la \/var\/nfs\/general\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Outputdrwxr-xr-x 2 <mark>root root<\/mark> 4096 May 14 18:36 .\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NFS will translate any&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;operations on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;to the&nbsp;<code>nobody:nogroup<\/code>&nbsp;credentials as a security measure. Therefore, we need to change the directory ownership to match those credentials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown nobody:nogroup \/var\/nfs\/general\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You\u2019re now ready to export this directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-2-exporting-the-home-directory\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-2-exporting-the-home-directory\">Example 2: Exporting the Home Directory<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-2-exporting-the-home-directory\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In our second example, the goal is to make user home directories stored on the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;available on&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;servers, while allowing trusted administrators of those&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;servers the access they need to conveniently manage users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To do this, we\u2019ll export the&nbsp;<code>\/home<\/code>&nbsp;directory. Since it already exists, we don\u2019t need to create it. We won\u2019t change the permissions, either. If we&nbsp;<em>did<\/em>, it could lead to a range of issues for anyone with a home directory on the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-3-configuring-the-nfs-exports-on-the-host-server\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-3-configuring-the-nfs-exports-on-the-host-server\">Step 3 \u2014 Configuring the NFS Exports on the Host Server<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-3-configuring-the-nfs-exports-on-the-host-server\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next, we\u2019ll dive into the NFS configuration file to set up the sharing of these resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;machine, open the&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/exports<\/code>&nbsp;file in your text editor with&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;privileges:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nano \/etc\/exports\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The file has comments showing the general structure of each configuration line. The syntax is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/etc\/exports<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><mark>directory_to_share<\/mark>    <mark>client<\/mark>(<mark>share_option1<\/mark>,<mark>...<\/mark>,<mark>share_optionN<\/mark>)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ll need to create a line for each of the directories that we plan to share. Be sure to change the&nbsp;<code><mark>client_ip<\/mark><\/code>&nbsp;placeholder shown here to your actual IP address:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/etc\/exports<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/nfs\/general    <mark>client_ip<\/mark>(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)\n\/home               <mark>client_ip<\/mark>(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, we\u2019re using the same configuration options for both directories with the exception of&nbsp;<code>no_root_squash<\/code>. Let\u2019s take a look at what each of these options means:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>rw<\/code>: This option gives the\u00a0<strong>client<\/strong>\u00a0computer both read and write access to the volume.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>sync<\/code>: This option forces NFS to write changes to disk before replying. This results in a more stable and consistent environment since the reply reflects the actual state of the remote volume. However, it also reduces the speed of file operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>no_subtree_check<\/code>: This option prevents subtree checking, which is a process where the\u00a0<strong>host<\/strong>\u00a0must check whether the file is actually still available in the exported tree for every request. This can cause many problems when a file is renamed while the\u00a0<strong>client<\/strong>\u00a0has it opened. In almost all cases, it is better to disable subtree checking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>no_root_squash<\/code>: By default, NFS translates requests from a\u00a0<strong>root<\/strong>\u00a0user remotely into a non-privileged user on the server. This was intended as security feature to prevent a\u00a0<strong>root<\/strong>\u00a0account on the\u00a0<strong>client<\/strong>\u00a0from using the file system of the\u00a0<strong>host<\/strong>\u00a0as\u00a0<strong>root<\/strong>.\u00a0<code>no_root_squash<\/code>\u00a0disables this behavior for certain shares.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you are finished making your changes, save and close the file. Then, to make the shares available to the clients that you configured, restart the NFS server with the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before you can actually use the new shares, however, you\u2019ll need to be sure that traffic to the shares is permitted by firewall rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-4-adjusting-the-firewall-on-the-host\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-4-adjusting-the-firewall-on-the-host\">Step 4 \u2014 Adjusting the Firewall on the Host<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-4-adjusting-the-firewall-on-the-host\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, let\u2019s check the firewall status to see if it\u2019s enabled and, if so, to see what\u2019s currently permitted:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw status\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>OutputStatus: active\n\nTo                         Action      From\n--                         ------      ----\nOpenSSH                    ALLOW       Anywhere\nOpenSSH (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On our system, only SSH traffic is being allowed through, so we\u2019ll need to add a rule for NFS traffic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With many applications, you can use&nbsp;<code>sudo ufw app list<\/code>&nbsp;and enable them by name, but&nbsp;<code>nfs<\/code>&nbsp;is not one of those. However, because&nbsp;<code>ufw<\/code>&nbsp;also checks&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/services<\/code>&nbsp;for the port and protocol of a service, we can still add NFS by name. Best practice recommends that you enable the most restrictive rule that will still allow the traffic you want to permit, so rather than enabling traffic from just anywhere, we\u2019ll be specific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the following command to open port&nbsp;<code>2049<\/code>&nbsp;on the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>, being sure to substitute your&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;IP address:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow from <mark>client_ip<\/mark> to any port nfs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can verify the change by typing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw status\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You should see traffic allowed from port&nbsp;<code>2049<\/code>&nbsp;in the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>OutputStatus: active\n\nTo                         Action      From\n--                         ------      ----\nOpenSSH                    ALLOW       Anywhere                 \n2049                       ALLOW       <mark>203.0.113.24<\/mark>        \nOpenSSH (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This confirms that UFW will only allow NFS traffic on port&nbsp;<code>2049<\/code>&nbsp;from our&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-5-creating-mount-points-and-mounting-directories-on-the-client\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-5-creating-mount-points-and-mounting-directories-on-the-client\">Step 5 \u2014 Creating Mount Points and Mounting Directories on the Client<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-5-creating-mount-points-and-mounting-directories-on-the-client\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;server is configured and serving its shares, we\u2019ll prepare our&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order to make the remote shares available on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>, we need to mount the directories on the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;that we want to share to empty directories on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>&nbsp;If there are files and directories in your mount point, they will become hidden as soon as you mount the NFS share. To avoid the loss of important files, be sure that if you mount in a directory that already exists that the directory is empty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ll create two directories for our mount locations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mkdir -p \/nfs\/general\nsudo mkdir -p \/nfs\/home\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that we have a location to put the remote shares and we\u2019ve opened the firewall, we can mount the shares using the IP address of our&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>&nbsp;server:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mount <mark>host_ip<\/mark>:\/var\/nfs\/general \/nfs\/general\nsudo mount <mark>host_ip<\/mark>:\/home \/nfs\/home\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One can use the&nbsp;<code>-o nconnect=n<\/code>&nbsp;flag when mounting NFS share from the client to boost IOPS for certain workloads. Where \u201cn\u201d is the number of connections to establish between this client and the target NFS Server. The number can be from 1 to 16. You can experiment with different&nbsp;<code>nconnect<\/code>&nbsp;values that best suit your workload, perhaps starting with a value of&nbsp;<code>8<\/code>. Setting the&nbsp;<code>nconnect<\/code>&nbsp;option may provide a&nbsp;<em>slight<\/em>&nbsp;boost in IOPS for some workloads &#8211; specifically small write operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These commands will mount the shares from the host computer onto the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;machine. You can double-check that they mounted successfully in several ways. You can check this with a&nbsp;<code>mount<\/code>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<code>findmnt<\/code>&nbsp;command, but&nbsp;<code>df -h<\/code>&nbsp;provides a more readable output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -h\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>OutputFilesystem                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\nudev                             474M     0  474M   0% \/dev\ntmpfs                             99M  936K   98M   1% \/run\n\/dev\/vda1                         25G  1.8G   23G   8% \/\ntmpfs                            491M     0  491M   0% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs                            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% \/run\/lock\ntmpfs                            491M     0  491M   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\n\/dev\/vda15                       105M  3.9M  101M   4% \/boot\/efi\ntmpfs                             99M     0   99M   0% \/run\/user\/1000\n<mark>10.132.212.247:\/var\/nfs\/general   25G  1.8G   23G   8% \/nfs\/general<\/mark>\n<mark>10.132.212.247:\/home              25G  1.8G   23G   8% \/nfs\/home<\/mark>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both of the shares we mounted appear at the bottom. Because they were mounted from the same file system, they show the same disk usage. To see how much space is actually being used under each mount point, use the disk usage command&nbsp;<code>du<\/code>&nbsp;and the path of the mount. The&nbsp;<code>-s<\/code>&nbsp;flag provides a summary of usage rather than displaying the usage for every file. The&nbsp;<code>-h<\/code>&nbsp;prints human-readable output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -sh \/nfs\/home\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Output36K \/nfs\/home\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This shows us that the contents of the entire home directory is using only 36K of the available space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-6-testing-nfs-access\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-6-testing-nfs-access\">Step 6 \u2014 Testing NFS Access<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-6-testing-nfs-access\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next, we will test access to the shares by writing something to both of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-1-the-general-purpose-share\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-1-the-general-purpose-share\">Example 1: The General Purpose Share<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-1-the-general-purpose-share\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, write a test file to the&nbsp;<code>\/var\/nfs\/general<\/code>&nbsp;share:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo touch \/nfs\/general\/general.test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then, check its ownership:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l \/nfs\/general\/general.test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Output-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nogroup 0 Aug  1 13:31 \/nfs\/general\/general.test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because we mounted this volume without changing NFS\u2019s default behavior and created the file as the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;machine\u2019s&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;user via the&nbsp;<code>sudo<\/code>&nbsp;command, ownership of the file defaults to&nbsp;<code>nobody:nogroup<\/code>.&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;superusers won\u2019t be able to perform typical administrative actions, like changing the owner of a file or creating a new directory for a group of users, on this NFS-mounted share.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to run performance testing on your NFS mount from the client, you should follow the config instructions found at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-benchmark-digitalocean-volumes\">How To Benchmark DigitalOcean Volumes | DigitalOcean<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-2-the-home-directory-share\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-2-the-home-directory-share\">Example 2: The Home Directory Share<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#example-2-the-home-directory-share\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To compare the permissions of the General Purpose share with the Home Directory share, create a file in&nbsp;<code>\/nfs\/home<\/code>&nbsp;the same way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo touch \/nfs\/home\/home.test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then look at the ownership of the file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l \/nfs\/home\/home.test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Output-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug  1 13:32 \/nfs\/home\/home.test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We created&nbsp;<code>home.test<\/code>&nbsp;as&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;using the&nbsp;<code>sudo<\/code>&nbsp;command, exactly the same way we created the&nbsp;<code>general.test<\/code>&nbsp;file. However, in this case it is owned by&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;because we overrode the default behavior when we specified the&nbsp;<code>no_root_squash<\/code>&nbsp;option on this mount. This allows our&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;users on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;machine to act as&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;and makes the administration of user accounts much more convenient. At the same time, it means we don\u2019t have to give these users root access on the&nbsp;<strong>host<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-7-mounting-the-remote-nfs-directories-at-boot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-7-mounting-the-remote-nfs-directories-at-boot\">Step 7 \u2014 Mounting the Remote NFS Directories at Boot<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-7-mounting-the-remote-nfs-directories-at-boot\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can create persistent NFS mounts by adding them to the&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code>&nbsp;file on the&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>. This ensures that your NFS shares are automatically mounted at boot time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Open this file with root privileges in your text editor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nano \/etc\/fstab\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the bottom of the file, add a line for each of our shares. They will look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/etc\/fstab<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>. . .\n<mark>host_ip<\/mark>:\/var\/nfs\/general    \/nfs\/general   nfs auto,nofail,noatime,nolock,intr,tcp,actimeo=1800 0 0\n<mark>host_ip<\/mark>:\/home               \/nfs\/home      nfs auto,nofail,noatime,nolock,intr,tcp,actimeo=1800 0 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>&nbsp;You can find more information about the options we are specifying here in the NFS man page. You can access this by running the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>man nfs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;will automatically mount the remote partitions at boot, although it may take a few moments to establish the connection and for the shares to be available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-8-unmounting-an-nfs-remote-share\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-8-unmounting-an-nfs-remote-share\">Step 8 \u2014 Unmounting an NFS Remote Share<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-8-unmounting-an-nfs-remote-share\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you no longer want the remote directory to be mounted on your system, you can unmount it by moving out of the share\u2019s directory structure and unmounting, like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\nsudo umount \/nfs\/home\nsudo umount \/nfs\/general\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take note that the command is named&nbsp;<code>umount<\/code>&nbsp;not&nbsp;<code>unmount<\/code>&nbsp;as you may expect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This will remove the remote shares, leaving only your local storage accessible:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -h\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>OutputFilesystem                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\nudev                             474M     0  474M   0% \/dev\ntmpfs                             99M  936K   98M   1% \/run\n\/dev\/vda1                         25G  1.8G   23G   8% \/\ntmpfs                            491M     0  491M   0% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs                            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% \/run\/lock\ntmpfs                            491M     0  491M   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\n\/dev\/vda15                       105M  3.9M  101M   4% \/boot\/efi\ntmpfs                             99M     0   99M   0% \/run\/user\/1000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you also want to prevent them from being remounted on the next reboot, edit&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code>&nbsp;and either delete the line or comment it out by placing a&nbsp;<code>#<\/code>&nbsp;character at the beginning of the line. You can also prevent auto-mounting by removing the&nbsp;<code>auto<\/code>&nbsp;option, which will allow you to still mount it manually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"additional-considerations-for-production-use\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#additional-considerations-for-production-use\">Additional Considerations for Production Use<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#additional-considerations-for-production-use\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When deploying NFS in production environments, consider the following best practices to ensure stability, performance, and security:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more advanced NFS configurations and use cases, check out our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorial-collections\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount\">NFS Mount Collection<\/a>&nbsp;which includes additional guides and best practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-nfs-version-compatibility\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#1-nfs-version-compatibility\">1. NFS Version Compatibility<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#1-nfs-version-compatibility\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ensure both the client and server are running compatible versions. NFSv4 is recommended for its simplified firewall requirements and improved security features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To force version usage during mount:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mount -t nfs -o vers=4 host_ip:\/path \/mountpoint\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-performance-optimization-flags\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#2-performance-optimization-flags\">2. Performance Optimization Flags<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#2-performance-optimization-flags\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to&nbsp;<code>nconnect<\/code>, consider these options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>rsize=8192,wsize=8192<\/code>: Increases the read\/write buffer size for better throughput.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>async<\/code>: Improves write performance but risks data loss on crash.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>actimeo=1800<\/code>: Reduces attribute caching frequency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-security-enhancements\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#3-security-enhancements\">3. Security Enhancements<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#3-security-enhancements\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NFS does not encrypt data by default. To secure your setup:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use NFS only over trusted private networks or VPN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apply\u00a0<code>root_squash<\/code>\u00a0unless elevated access is essential.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restrict access in\u00a0<code>\/etc\/exports<\/code>\u00a0to specific IPs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-logging-and-monitoring\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#4-logging-and-monitoring\">4. Logging and Monitoring<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#4-logging-and-monitoring\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Monitor NFS activity for auditing or debugging:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog | grep nfs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -u nfs-server\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions-faqs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#frequently-asked-questions-faqs\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#frequently-asked-questions-faqs\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-an-nfs-mount-in-linux\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-is-an-nfs-mount-in-linux\">What is an NFS mount in Linux?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-is-an-nfs-mount-in-linux\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An NFS mount allows one system to access directories shared by another over the network. It enables seamless file sharing between Linux\/Unix systems, making remote directories appear as if they are local. This is particularly useful for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sharing application data across multiple servers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Centralizing storage for easier backup and management<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enabling multiple servers to access the same files<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Creating a distributed file system across your network<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-i-persist-an-nfs-mount-after-reboot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-persist-an-nfs-mount-after-reboot\">How do I persist an NFS mount after reboot?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-persist-an-nfs-mount-after-reboot\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can edit&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code>&nbsp;on the client and add your mount configuration. Here\u2019s a detailed example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Format: host_ip:\/shared_directory \/mount_point nfs options 0 0\n192.168.1.100:\/var\/nfs\/general \/nfs\/general nfs auto,nofail,noatime,nolock,intr,tcp,actimeo=1800 0 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Major options used with their explanation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>auto<\/code>: Mount automatically at boot<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>nofail<\/code>: Don\u2019t halt boot process if mount fails<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>noatime<\/code>: Don\u2019t update access times (improves performance)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>nolock<\/code>: Disable file locking (useful for certain applications)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>intr<\/code>: Allow interrupts on hard mounts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>tcp<\/code>: Use TCP instead of UDP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>actimeo=1800<\/code>: Cache attributes for 30 minutes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-ports-are-required-for-nfs-to-work\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-ports-are-required-for-nfs-to-work\">What ports are required for NFS to work?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-ports-are-required-for-nfs-to-work\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NFS requires several ports for different versions and features:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Port 2049 (TCP\/UDP): Main NFS communication<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Port 111 (TCP\/UDP): rpcbind (especially for NFSv3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Port 20048 (TCP\/UDP): NFS mount daemon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Port 20049 (TCP\/UDP): NFS lock manager<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For NFSv4, only port 2049 is required, making it easier to configure firewalls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-alternatives-to-nfs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-are-alternatives-to-nfs\">What are alternatives to NFS?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-are-alternatives-to-nfs\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several alternatives exist depending on your needs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SSHFS<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Encrypted, quick to set up<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uses SSH for secure file transfer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Good for occasional access<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-use-sshfs-to-mount-remote-file-systems-over-ssh\">Learn how to use SSHFS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Samba (SMB)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Best for cross-platform (Windows-Linux) sharing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Native Windows support<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Built-in authentication<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Good for mixed environments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>rsync<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ideal for one-way or scheduled syncs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Efficient for large file transfers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Great for backups<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can be automated with cron<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-i-troubleshoot-nfs-mount-issues\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-troubleshoot-nfs-mount-issues\">How do I troubleshoot NFS mount issues?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-troubleshoot-nfs-mount-issues\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common troubleshooting steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Check NFS service status:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl status nfs-kernel-server  # On host\nsudo systemctl status nfs-common         # On client\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verify exports:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo exportfs -v\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Check mount points:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -h\nmount | grep nfs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>View NFS logs:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog | grep nfs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-i-secure-my-nfs-setup\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-secure-my-nfs-setup\">How do I secure my NFS setup?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-secure-my-nfs-setup\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Best practices for NFS security:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use NFSv4 for improved security<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restrict exports to specific IPs in\u00a0<code>\/etc\/exports<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use\u00a0<code>root_squash<\/code>\u00a0to prevent root access<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implement firewall rules:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow from client_ip to any port nfs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use private networks or VPNs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regular security audits of permissions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-performance-optimizations-are-available\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-performance-optimizations-are-available\">What performance optimizations are available?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-performance-optimizations-are-available\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several options to improve NFS performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use\u00a0<code>nconnect<\/code>\u00a0for parallel connections:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mount -t nfs -o nconnect=8 host_ip:\/share \/mountpoint\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adjust read\/write sizes:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mount -t nfs -o rsize=8192,wsize=8192 host_ip:\/share \/mountpoint\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use\u00a0<code>async<\/code>\u00a0for better write performance (with caution)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implement proper caching with\u00a0<code>actimeo<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consider using 10gbit networking for better throughput<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-i-unmount-an-nfs-share\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-unmount-an-nfs-share\">How do I unmount an NFS share?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-unmount-an-nfs-share\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To unmount an NFS share:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo umount \/mountpoint\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the share is busy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo umount -f \/mountpoint  # Force unmount\nsudo umount -l \/mountpoint  # Lazy unmount\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remember to remove or comment out the corresponding line in&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code>&nbsp;if you don\u2019t want it to remount on reboot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-the-differences-between-nfs-versions\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-are-the-differences-between-nfs-versions\">What are the differences between NFS versions?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-are-the-differences-between-nfs-versions\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key differences between NFS versions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NFSv3<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uses multiple ports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Requires rpcbind<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Better performance than v2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Still widely used<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NFSv4<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Single port (2049)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improved security<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Better performance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stateful protocol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recommended for new deployments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NFSv4.1<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Parallel NFS (pNFS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Better scalability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Session management<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advanced features<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-i-monitor-nfs-performance\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-monitor-nfs-performance\">How do I monitor NFS performance?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#how-do-i-monitor-nfs-performance\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several tools are available:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>nfsstat<\/code>\u00a0for NFS statistics:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nfsstat -c  # Client stats\nnfsstat -s  # Server stats\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>iostat<\/code>\u00a0for I\/O statistics:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>iostat -x 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>nfsiostat<\/code>\u00a0for NFS-specific I\/O:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nfsiostat 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>System monitoring tools like Prometheus or Grafana with NFS exporters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-common-nfs-mount-options\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-are-common-nfs-mount-options\">What are common NFS mount options?<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#what-are-common-nfs-mount-options\"><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important mount options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>rw<\/code>\/<code>ro<\/code>: Read-write or read-only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>sync<\/code>\/<code>async<\/code>: Synchronous or asynchronous writes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>no_root_squash<\/code>: Allow root access<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>no_subtree_check<\/code>: Disable subtree checking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>soft<\/code>\/<code>hard<\/code>: How to handle server unavailability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>intr<\/code>: Allow interrupts on hard mounts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>tcp<\/code>\/<code>udp<\/code>: Transport protocol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>vers<\/code>: NFS version to use<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example with multiple options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mount -t nfs -o rw,sync,no_subtree_check,vers=4 host_ip:\/share \/mountpoint\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#conclusion\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this tutorial, we created an NFS host and illustrated some key NFS behaviours by creating two different NFS mounts, which we shared with a NFS client.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019re looking to implement NFS in production, it\u2019s important to note that the protocol itself is not encrypted. In cases where you\u2019re sharing over a private network, this may not be a problem. In other cases, a VPN or some other type of encrypted tunnel will be necessary to protect your data. For encrypted alternatives, consider using&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-use-sshfs-to-mount-remote-file-systems-over-ssh\">SSHFS<\/a>&nbsp;or setting up a VPN connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related-articles\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount-on-ubuntu-20-04#related-articles\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more on this topic, explore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-use-sshfs-to-mount-remote-file-systems-over-ssh\">How to Use SSHFS to Mount Remote File Systems Over SSH<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; Learn about an alternative encrypted file sharing solution<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-server-using-block-storage\">How to Set Up an NFS Server Using Block Storage<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; Advanced NFS configuration with block storage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorial-collections\/how-to-set-up-an-nfs-mount\">NFS Mount Collection<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; Comprehensive collection of NFS-related guides<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction NFS (Network File System) is a distributed file system protocol that allows you to mount remote directories on your server. This lets you manage storage space in a different location and write to that space from multiple clients. NFS provides a relatively standard and performant way to access remote systems over a network and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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